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1996-03-30
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Document 0961
DOCN M9650961
TI Enhancement of the anti-HIV-1 activity of ddAdo by coformycin, EHNA and
deaza-EHNA derivatives.
DT 9505
AU Marongiu ME; Pani A; Tinti E; Grifantini M; Franchetti P; Cristalli G;
La Colla P; Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Universita di
Cagliari,; Italy.
SO New Microbiol. 1995 Oct;18(4):359-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96156480
AB 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo) and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddIno) are
potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) in several cell culture systems.
Equipotent in terms of antiviral activity, both compounds selectively
inhibit the reverse transcription of HIV-1 by virtue of their conversion
into ddATP. In human lymphoid cells ddAdo is converted to the active
metabolite, ddATP, but it also undergoes rapid deamination, via
adenosine deaminase, to form ddIno. ddIno, like ddAdo, gives rise to
dideoxynucleotides of the dideoxy-adenylate series (ddAMP, ddADP and
ddATP), as well as to IMP and to adenylate ribonucleotides. With the
main object of blocking the deamination of ddAdo, we studied its
anti-HIV-1 activity in the presence of different adenosine deaminase
inhibitors, namely Coformycin (CF), 9-(erythro-2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)
adenine (EHNA) and some deaza-EHNA derivatives. In contrast with reports
on 2'-deoxycoformycin (Cooney et al., 1987), the adenosine deaminase
inhibitors tested by us showed a significant increase in the antiviral
activity of ddAdo, but not of ddIno. Enhancement was obtained with EHNA
and CF concentrations up to 250 and > 12,500 times lower than their
respective maximum non toxic doses. In combination with EHNA or CF,
ddAdo could be used at concentrations up to ten times lower than those
required to obtain the same degree of inhibition when ddAdo (or ddIno)
was used alone. The use of EHNA or CF in combination with ddAdo at
concentrations that inhibit the multiplication of HIV-1, allowed
uninfected cells to maintain their normal multiplication rates. In fact,
in combination experiments, cytotoxic effects were evident only with
doses of EHNA, or CF and ddAdo 10 to 100 or more times higher than those
required to inhibit HIV-1 significantly. The in vivo implications of
these results for anti-HIV chemotherapy are discussed.
DE Adenine/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE Adenosine
Deaminase/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIB Antiviral Agents/*ADMINISTRATION &
DOSAGE Cell Line Coformycin/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE Comparative
Study Dideoxyadenosine/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE Drug Screening Drug
Synergism Enzyme Inhibitors/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE Human
HIV-1/*DRUG EFFECTS/PHYSIOLOGY Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Virus
Replication/DRUG EFFECTS JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).